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Introduction: The presence of pathogenic microbial agents and pathogens in organic fertilizers causes health problems and disease transmission. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify bacterial and fungal species present in vermicompost production
Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted in pilot scale in the laboratory of Public Health School in Shahid Sadoughi Univerity of Yazd. Sesame crust obtained from sesame pudding factory and cow manure mixed in three reactors with the dimension of 50 x 30 x 15 cm were used and went under the vermicompost process. Another reactor was also provided from cow manure as the control variable. Treatments were studied simultaneously during 60 days. Experiments were conducted to detect bacterial and fungal species
Results: Totally 18 species of negative-gram bacterial species, i.e., Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella Paratayfi A, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia alkali Fasyns, Klebsiella oxy-Toka, Ponomonya Klebsiella, Citrobacter frondii, Citrobacter Diorsus, Serratia Marsns, Hafnya Olovia, pseudomalle Burkholderia, Enterobacter Peinous, Enterobacter Anrogenious, Enterobacter de Solonos, as well as Neisseria polysakarya, and 3 positive-gram bacterial species, i.e., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Isteria monocytogenes grew. Overally, a total of five fungi species; Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium, Penicillium, yeasts, and Unknown fungal species grew
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that presence of the organism in vermicompost depends on various factors, such as the action of enzymes of gut earthworms, coelomic fluid secretion, as well as competition between different groups of microorganisms
Subject(s)
Manure/microbiology , Cattle , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Bacteria , Fungi , Fertilizers/microbiology , CompostingABSTRACT
Introduction: Dyes are visible materials and are considered as one of the hazardous components that make up industrial waste. Therefore it is removed from bodies of water, using various methods. In this regard, the Fenton oxidation process is one of the most effective ways to remove colored contaminants in aquatic environments, which has many applications today
Materials and Methods: In this empirical study, the effect of the Fenton oxidation process in the removal of the soluble synthetic dye, Reactive Red 2 [RR2], has been studied. The color removal efficiency of the Fenton process in the presence of ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide at different reaction variables were studied in the Jar Test when initial concentration of the dye was 10 mg/L at constant pH = 3 and lab temperature
Results: The results showed that concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and iron ions influence the maximum removal efficiency
Conclusion: According to the survey results, Fenton oxidation is an effective method for the removal of RR2 dye from aqueous solutions
Subject(s)
Hydrogen Peroxide , Ferrous Compounds , Industrial Waste , Hazardous WasteABSTRACT
Introduction: In recent times, one of the most important purposes of sustainable development has been defined as the protection of environmental health. Using appropriate and innovative infrastructures such as nanotechnology is a solution to walk along the path of sustainable development and solves many environmental problems. The purpose of this study is to review the application of carbon nanotubes in the removal of environmental pollutants, based on conducted studies
Materials and Methods: All scientific data related to the issue were collected from scientific databases of Google Scholar, Scopus, Elsevier, and SID to evaluate and conduct the study. Keywords such as carbon nanotubes, environmental pollutant, sustainable development, and environmental health were used. 85 articles were also used in this review research [1993-2016]
Results: Based on the evaluated studies, the results indicated that common methods of sewage treatment are not enough to remove the mentioned environmental pollutants completely. In the mentioned methods, despite high decomposition, the amount of mineralization has been reduced and the toxicity of wastewaters has remained unchanged or has increased. Adsorption has been propounded due to its simplicity and lower energy consumption compared with other methods. Carbon nanotubes [CNTs] are unique one-dimensional macromolecules which have high thermal resistance and chemical stability. Adsorption through CNT as the adsorbent in the treatment of drinking water and sewage polluted with pharmaceutical, petroleum, heavy metal, and leachate pollutants has been studied widely
Conclusion: This study indicated CNT as effective adsorbents that have high potential to protect the environment and promote sustainable development
Subject(s)
Environmental Pollution , Nanotechnology , Wastewater , Adsorption , Sewage , Review Literature as TopicABSTRACT
Introduction: Today, have been approved scientifically relationship between presence of asbestos fibers in the human respiratory area and malignant diseases such as lung advanced fibrosis [Asbestosis], gastrointestinal, lung and Laryngeal cancers. The aim of this study was the determination of asbestos fibers concentration in Yazd city's air in the summer of 2015
Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study in which 13 high-traffic points of Yazd city were selected for asbestos sampling. Sampling was conducted in the summer in two stages using SKC pump. In total was collected 26 samples from the high traffic points of Yazd city. Also for the counting of asbestos fibers was used scanning electron microscopy [SEM]
Results: In the current research, the highest and the lowest concentration of asbestos fibers were related to Shohadaye mehrab square [0.02131 fiber/ml] and Azad Shahr [0.00112 fiber/ml] respectively. Qualitative analysis of asbestos fibers by SEM showed that 75% of the samples were asbestos fibers and the other was non-asbestos fibers
Conclusion: The present study showed that the average of asbestos fibers concentration in total sampling stations [0.0848 fiber/ml] was higher than WHO guidelines [2.2x10[-3] fiber/ml]. The main reason for the presence of these fibers in the air of Yazd city can be attributed to brake pad, clutch and automobile gasket adhesive
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Introduction: The objective of this study was, wastewater quality investigation and removal efficiency of contaminants from the wastewater tile factory by using coagulants includes ferric chloride, ferric sulfate and ferrous, aluminum sulfate and poly aluminum chloride in order to reuse it in the processing line
Methods: This is an applied study
With regard to shiftwork schedules of the factory, the composite samples of wasrewater in production line was obtained. Firstly, based on standard methods wastewater parameters were measured
In the next step by using the jar- test the effect of changing coagulants dosing [0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35g/L] and pH values [7,9,11] on the removal parameters of turbidity, EC, TSS, TS and COD was investigated. Finaly the effective . dose and optimal pH were selected and the best coagulant was determined
Results:The optimum PH of ferric chloride, ferric sulfate and ferrous that optimum was lias well as it was 7 for aluminum sulfate and poly aluminum chloride. The optimum concentration of iron-based coagulants and aluminum-based coagulants was 0.3 g/L and 0.25 g/L, respectively. Poly aluminum chloride with removal of 99.92%, 99.94%, 89.8 and 75% has the best removal efficiency for turbidity, TSS, TS and COD, respectively. In addition, in a lower dose aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride and ferric sulfate had the best removal efficiency
Conclusion: Among the five studied coagulants, poly aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate and ferrous sulfate had the most efficiency, respectively. Due to the high cost of aluminum chloride, it needs more accuracy to select the most suitable coagulant
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Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the microbial quality of the produced vermicomposts and compare them with the existing standards
Methods: This experimental study was conducted as a pilot-scale one, in the laboratory school, some perishable domestic waste were mixed in a reactor, including food waste, vegetables and fruits, cow manure and sludge of wastewater treatment plant. Tests to determine the microbial quality of the product were carried out at an early stage, during the process of production and on the final product. These tests included determining the probable number of fecal coliform bacteria and parasite eggs
Results: According to the results of this study, a significant decrease was observed in the number of fecal col i forms in Sludge manure and domestic waste, as the number of fecal coliforms reduced from 5000000 [MPN / g], in the raw sample to 1500 [MPN / g], eight weeks after the outset. Moreover, according to the obtained results, the mixture, of manure, sludge, and domestic waste had some parasite eggs [20 number /gr] in the raw samples. This amount was fully removed by the process of vermicomposting, during the third week
Conclusion: Findings revealed that the earthworms have a high capability to reduce the pathogens without increasing in temperature, however, in order to standardize the number of coliforms [compost class A], the vermicomposting of the mixture of cow manure, domestic waste, and sludge of wastewater treatment plant is not appropriate
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Introduction: Antibiotics as a type of pharmaceutical compounds are widely used in modern medicine and veterinary industries. They enter the environment in different ways, including agricultural runoff, direct discharge of urban wastewater treatment or human waste, direct disposal of medical, veterinary industrial waste and etc. Antibiotics have been able to influence the microbial population. Their continuous presence in the environment can lead to bacterial resistance and in recent years the issue has caused serious concerns in the scientific community
Methods: Unfortunately, In spite of the extensive investigations, there is still a considerable lack of integrated and classified information to assess the environmental risks of antibiotics. Therefore, in the current study, the removal of these compounds from aqueous solutions was studied. This study was carried out on the basis of surveys accomplished in recent decades and also the ones published in databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, Springer, Magiran and SID using Anti-bacterial agents, Antibiotic, Wastewater, removal methods as the keywords
Results: Advanced treatment processes such as ozonation, advanced oxidation, activated carbon, Nano filtration and reverse osmosis can remove higher levels of antibiotics
Conclusion:Generally, the biological and chemical processes alone are not effective for antibiotics, removal from aquatic environments, while combination of advanced oxidation and biological treatment processes can effectively reduce the amount of antibiotic
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Introduction: Organic fertilizers are beneficial to maintain and improve structure of the soil nutrients; however, in case of presence of pathogenic microbial agents and pathogens inside them, it will result in health problems and disease transmission. Therefore, present study aimed to determine microbial quality of produced vermicomposts in Yazd city
Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical work where 10 % of vermicomposts production centers which were using cow manure were randomly selected in Yazd city and sampling was conducted in spring. In doing so, the desired microbial indices were measured and ultimately compared to the standard A of Iranian compost. Three samples were prepared from each center and in each sampling; 50 g of sample was picked. Finally, total number of taken samples was 30. The tests included determination of the probable number of fecal coliform bacteria and parasite eggs
Results: According to the results of present study, the mean fecal coliform and parasite eggs for all centers were 1272 in confidence interval of 95 % [441-2102] and 0.73 in confidence interval of 95 % [0.32-1.13], respectively. Therefore, the mean fecal coliform and parasite eggs in derived vermicomposts were in class A standards range of Iranian compost
Conclusion: Production of vermicomposts by animal fertilizers in Yazd city not only decreases these wastes but also gives rise to manufacture a strategic and valuable product which is in range of determined standards and is suitable for soil improvement and fertility
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Introduction: The presence of pathogenic microbial agents and pathogens in organic fertilizers causes health problems and disease transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of vermicomposting process in improve the microbial quality of the compost produced
Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted as a pilotscale one, in the laboratory of school of Health. In order to produce vermicompost, some perishable domestic waste were mixed whit sludge of wastewater treatment plant in a reactor. Tests to determine the microbial quality of the product were carried out at an early stage, during the process of production, and on the final product. The worms used for the production of vermicompost were Eiseniafotida worms
Results: According to the results of this study, a significant decrease was observed in the number of fecal coliforms in Sludge- domestic waste; as the number of fecal coliforms reduced from 7500000 [MPN/g], in the raw sample, to 1500 [MPN/g], eight weeks after the outset. Removal efficiency of fecal coliforms was 99.98 percent. Moreover, according to the obtained results, the mixture of Sludge and domestic waste had some parasite eggs [22 number/gr] in the raw samples. This amount was fully removed by the process of vermicomposting, during the forth week
Conclusion: The results showed that earthworms are a great ability to remove pathogens but to reach the standard set in mixed microbial treatment sludge - waste can not be sure
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Introduction: Countries around the world are looking for an appropriate, stable, and affordable replacement for the natural energies. Therefore, the waste is considered as an available resource to produce energy, which by controlling, its effects on the environment could be minimized
Materials and Methods: To conduct this review article, the scientific data related to the topic were gathered from scientific databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, Springer, Magiran, and SID using waste to energy, Biogas, Incinerator, Landfill, and Pyrolysis as the keywords. In addition, 53 articles were used for this research [from 1993 until 2016]
Results: The results indicated that from a technical point of view, according to Iran's current environment and the properties of the produced waste, most methods mentioned in the study are applicable. However, the important issue is to choose the best technologies with the best functionality in Iran, based on the composition of the municipal solid waste, proved technologies, and the municipal solid waste management strategies
Conclusion: This study recommends construction of incineration plants with an appropriate location for processing municipal, household, and industrial hazardous wastes, as well as energy recovery. In addition, promoting application of household biogas reservoirs in villages and use of pyrolysis for some industries to converse industrial waste into fuel, are further suggested